PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.